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Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) is a software development
process that Cucumber was built to support.

There’s much more to BDD than just using Cucumber.

HISTORY :Behavior-driven development was pioneered by Daniel Terhorst-North back in the early 00s, as he explained in a 2006 article called Introducing BDD. It grew from a response to test-driven development (TDD), as a way to help programmers on new agile teams “get straight to the good stuff” of knowing how to approach testing and coding, and minimize misunderstandings. BDD has evolved into both analysis and automated testing at the acceptance level. Liz Keogh, another BDD pioneer, started writing and speaking about it extensively beginning in 2004.

If you are new to BDD_Cucumber, please refer to the LINK HERE to install BDD_CUCUMBER

What is BDD?

BDD is a way for software teams to work that closes the gap between business people and technical people by:

Encouraging collaboration across roles to build a shared understanding of the problem to be solved
Working in rapid, small iterations to increase feedback and the flow of value
Producing system documentation that is automatically checked against the system’s behaviour

We do this by focusing collaborative work around concrete, real-world examples that illustrate how we want the system to behave. We use these examples to guide us from concept through to implementation, in the process of continuous collaboration.

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What is meant by a Feature file?

The feature file in Cucumber is the starting point of the Cucumber test execution.

A feature file can have a single or multiple scenarios but normally it contains a group of scenarios.

The Feature file is the High-level description of the Application under Test.

The feature file format will be like file_name. a feature where a single file contains a single feature.

What does the feature file consist of?

Feature files in cucumber consist of parameters and

conditions required for executing the code, they are

Feature
Scenario
Scenario Outline
Given
When
Then

How do I set up Selenium and Cucumber? Can you share some of the dependencies
required to create a BDD framework?

Please find the entire pom.xml with all Dependencies LINK HERE.
Remember that Maven has been used as Dependency Management here

What are the Primary and secondary keywords in BDD_CUCUMBER?

The primary keywords are:

Feature
Rule (as of Gherkin 6)
Example (or Scenario)
Given, When, Then, And, But for steps (or *)
Background
Scenario Outline (or Scenario Template)
Examples (or Scenarios)

Here are a few secondary keywords as well:

""" (Doc Strings)
| (Data Tables)
@ (Tags)
# (Comments)

IMPORTANT FACTS: The language you choose for Gherkin
should be in the same language as your users and domain experts
use when they talk about the domain. Translating between
two languages should be avoided.This is why Gherkin
has been translated to over 70 languages .

Write your first Cucumber script with Selenium from scratch

For the below scenario

Scenario: Finding some cheese
Given I am on the Google search page
When I search for "Cheese!"
Then the page title should start with "cheese"
ANS: The entire code from scratch has been written in the
POST HERE which you can use in your IDE and execute for practice.
I would suggest to first run it and then make the changes as per your project

What is the Scenario Outline for Cucumber-BDD?

Scenario outline is a method of parameterization of scenarios.

It is used to execute scenarios multiple

times using a different set of test data. Multiple

sets of test data are provided using "Examples"

in a tabular structure separated by pipes (| |)

Explain when to use Rspec and when to use Cucumber?

Rspec is used for Unit Testing

Cucumber uses behaviour driven development.

Cucumber can be used for System and Integration Tests

Learn more about Rspec usage in the link HERE

How to Create HTML report in BDD_Cucumber with plugin?

Kindly refer to the LINK HERE for the entire code to generate HTML or JSON report with cucumber.

What is Step Definition?

Step definitions connect Gherkin steps to programming code. A step definition carries out the action that should be performed by the step. So step definitions hard-wire the specification to the implementation.

┌────────────┐                 ┌──────────────┐                 ┌───────────┐
│   Steps    │                 │     Step     │                 │           │
│ in Gherkin ├──matched with──>│ Definitions  ├───manipulates──>│  System   │
│            │                 │              │                 │           │
└────────────┘                 └──────────────┘                 └───────────┘

Step definition maps the test case steps in the feature files (introduced by Given/When/Then) to the code which

executes and checks the outcomes from the system

under test. Step definitions file has the actual code

implementation of the Scenario or Scenario Outline step.

Feature file:

Feature:
Scenario:
Given verify two values 'text', 'test'

Step Definition:

public class Test {
@Given("verify two values '(.*)', '(.*)'")
public void verifytwovalues(String arg1, String arg2) {
Assert.assertEquals(arg1,arg2);
}

What is Background in a Feature file?

Steps written under the Background keyword are executed before every scenario.

For example:

If you want to execute the same steps for every scenario like login to the website,

you just write those common steps under the background keyword.

Feature: Validation of Account Balance
Background:
Given I log in to the Application
Scenario: Verify Positive Balance
Given I have $5000 in my account
When I withdraw $50
Then I should have $950 balance
Scenario: Verify Zero Balance
Given I have $5000 in my account
When I withdraw $5000
Then I should have $0 balance

Explain BDD flow?

Explain Cucumber Hooks?

Cucumber Hooks are blocks of code that can bused to run before

and after scenarios

using @before and @after methods. It helps us eliminate the redundant code

steps that we write for every scenario and also manage our code workflow.

public class Hooks {

@Before
public void before(){
System.out.println("This will execute before every Scenario");
}
@After
public void after(){
System.out.println("This will execute after every Scenario");
}
}

Why do we use Monochrome & Dryrun in Cucumber?

Kindly check the LINK HEREas this post

has many most used BDD commands apart from Monochrome and Dryrun.

Do let me know if anymore needs to be added

Explain the basic scenario in BDD? When we do Behaviour-Driven Development with Cucumber we use concrete examples to specify what we want the software to do. Scenarios are written before production code. They start their life as an executable specification. As the production code emerges, scenarios take on a role as living documentation and automated tests.

Feature: Login Feature
Verify if the user is able to Login to the site

Scenario: Login as an authenticated user
Given user is on homepage
When the user navigates to the Login Page
And user enters username and Password
Then the success message is displayed

Integration of Jira with Cucumber? How to setup and activate Cucumber on your JIRA project?

ANS: Checkout the post HERE with all the steps and details. Do try to integrate the same if you are usinh JIRA for test management in your project.

TIPS:

Watir

Watir only works with Ruby.

Capybara

Capybara only works with Ruby.

*
For any doubts or career guidance, arrange a 1:1 call with me

https://topmate.io/sidharth_shukla

**

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✍️AUTHOR: LinkedIn Profile

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