Top 15 DevOps Interview Questions and Answers for QA-SDET-DevOps 2022?

 How do I send email notifications with groovy script in Jenkins pipeline?

Pipeline Script Fundamentals

Click Here:   DevOps Related Posts

Before we start with complex Jenkins interview questions for experienced people, we should know more about Jenkins. So our first question is on the simple definition of Jenkins.

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1. Let's first understand What is Devops?

DevOps is a combination of cultural philosophies, practices, and tools that increases an organization's ability to deliver applications and services at high velocity: evolving and improving products at a faster pace than organizations using traditional software development and infrastructure management processes.

2. How DevOps Works?

Under a DevOps model, development and operations teams are no longer “siloed.” Sometimes, these two teams are merged into a single team where the engineers work across the entire application lifecycle, from development and test to deployment to operations, and develop a range of skills not limited to a single function.

Some DevOps models, quality assurance and security teams may also become more tightly integrated with development and operations and throughout the application lifecycle. While security is the focus of everyone on a DevOps team, this is sometimes referred to as DevSecOps.

These teams use practices to automate processes that historically have been manual and slow. They use a technology stack and tooling which help them operate and evolve applications quickly and reliably. These tools also help engineers independently accomplish tasks (for example, deploying code or provisioning infrastructure) that normally would have required help from other teams, and this further increases a team’s velocity.

DEVOPS BEST PRACTICES EXPLAINED

3. What are the popular tools in DevOps? 

• Jenkins/Bamboo: CICD tool 
  
  
• Git: Version Control System(VCS) tool 
  
  
• Selenium/Rest Assured: Continuous Testing(CT) tool for UI and API Automation
  
  
• Chef, Puppet, Ansible: Configuration  Management and Deployment tools 
  
  
• Nagios: Continuous Monitoring tools 
  
  
• Docker: Containerization tool 
  
  
• Kubernetes: Orchestration Tool

4. How to run Java application as Docker Image? Deploy Java application in Docker?

This is quite real-time, so I would suggest you try this in your local setup. 
All the steps are in POST HERE

5. What is Pipeline, Node and Stage in Jenkins?

Click Here for All Pipeline Concepts and Terminology

6. What is Kibana and how is it used? 

Kibana is a visualisation tool that helps to visualize and create a dashboard using log data. The visualization feature helps to visualise data in the form of charts, graphs, scatter plots, data tables, donuts, and maps, etc. Kibana also supports dynamic and adaptive dashboards based on data queries.

7. What is Jenkins architecture? 

Jenkins is primarily a set of Java classes that model the concepts of a build system in a straightforward fashion. There are classes like Project, Build, that represents what the name says. The root of this object model is Hudson, and all the other model objects are reachable from here.

Then there are interfaces and classes that model code that performs a part of a build, such as SCM for accessing source code control system, Ant for performing an Ant-based build, Mailer for sending out email notifications.

For more details please follow the below link:
https://wiki.jenkins.io/display/JENKINS/Architecture

Docker Interview Question Set

8. How do I schedule a job at Jenkins? How to set nightly Automation Job?

Click Here For Schedule Job

9.  How you configure SonarQube with Jenkins?

For the integration of SonarQube in Jenkins, you have performed the following steps.

1. Login into Jenkins and install the SonarQube scanner plugin
   Go to Manage Jenkins –> Manage Plugins > Available –> SonarQube scanner
   And also add credentials plugins to store your credentials in Jenkins
   
   
   
2. Configure SonarQube home path
   Go to Manage Jenkins –> Global Tool Configuration –> SonarQube Scanner
   
   
   1. Name : sonar_scanner
   2. SONAR_RUNNER_HOME: Your directory path of SonarQube)
      
      
3. Now, Configure SonarQube server in Jenkins
   1. For integration, you need a SonarQube Server authentication token in Jenkins
      i. Log in into your SonarQube Server and find the following under the user bar
      Go to My Account –> Security –> Generate Token
      
      
   2. 
   3. Go to Manage Jenkins –> Configure Systems –> SonarQube Servers
      Name: SonarQube
      Server URL: Not Required is the same as the default
      Server authentication token :
      i. Add server authentication token as following
      
      
      ii. Select it as a server authentication token
      
      
      
      
4. Save it. Your SonarQube integration is now complete with Jenkins. Create a job to test SonarQube and generate a report for your project.
   
   
   

10.  What is SonarQube and explain the components? 

Click here for answer on SonarQube with Components

11. How to Create, edit,  and scale the deployment using Kubernetes?  Click here for answers with examples: This is a very important aspect of DevOps, K8s provide containerization help to our very own containers
12. Explain some Ansible modules for Linux System Automation?

- The copy module allows you to copy a file from the Ansible control node to the target hosts

- The template module works similarly to the copy module, but it processes content dynamically using the Jinja2 templating language before copying it to the target hosts.

- The user module allows you to create and manage Linux users in your target system.

- The package module allows you to install, update, or remove software packages from your target system using the operating system standard package manager.

- The service module to manage the target system services using the required init system; for example, systemd.

13.What is AWS EC2 and ECS, and explain some features of it?

Kindly refer the POST HERE for details about EC2 and ECS. Those two are very 

important part of DevOps cycle.

14. What is Pipeline, Node and Stage in Jenkins?

ANS: Click Here for All Pipeline Concepts and Terminology

15. How to catch error in jenkins file and set build results to failure?

Ans: Using catchError.

If the body throws an exception, mark the build as a failure, but nonetheless continue to execute the Pipeline from the statement following the catchError step. The behavior of the step when an exception is thrown can be configured to print a message, set a build result other than failure, change the stage result, or ignore certain kinds of exceptions that are used to interrupt the build.

node {
    catchError {
        sh 'might fail'
    }
    step([$class: 'Mailer', recipients: 'admin@somewhere'])
}

To explore more, please refer: catchError()

NOW HERE IS THE Bonus Question :)

How to configure Maven in Jenkins?

Go to manage Jenkins->Global tool configuration
Click on Maven Installation




Click on Maven Installation and set Maven path



Click on the Save button and the configuration is complete.

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TOP 15 BDD - CUCUMBER Interview Q&A

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