Let's talk about the best friend of every Automation QA: Assertions

assertions in Selenium help ensure the accuracy and reliability of your test scripts by verifying expected outcomes, identifying failures, and aiding in debugging and reporting. They play a crucial role in validating the behavior of web elements and the functionality of web applications under test.

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1. assertEquals:

This assertion compares the expected value with the actual value. It checks whether both values are equal. If they are not equal, the test will fail.

Example:

String expectedTitle = "My Page";

String actualTitle = driver.getTitle();

assertEquals(expectedTitle, actualTitle);

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2. assertTrue:

This assertion checks whether a given condition is true. If the condition is false, the test will fail.

Example:

boolean elementDisplayed = driver.findElement(By.id("myElement")).isDisplayed(); assertTrue(elementDisplayed);

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3. assertFalse:

This assertion checks whether a given condition is false. If the condition is true, the test will fail.

Example:

boolean elementNotDisplayed = driver.findElement(By.id("myElement")).isDisplayed(); assertFalse(elementNotDisplayed);

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4. assertNull:

This assertion checks whether a given object is null. If the object is not null, the test will fail.

Example:

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("myElement")); assertNull(element);

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5. assertNotNull:

This assertion checks whether a given object is not null. If the object is null, the test will fail.

Example:

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("myElement")); assertNotNull(element);

These assertions are commonly used to verify the expected behavior of web elements or the overall functionality of a web application during automated testing with Selenium.

Difference between Soft Assert & Hard Assert ?

Assertions are essential in Selenium testing for the following reasons:

Verification of Expected Results: Assertions allow you to compare the expected results with the actual results obtained from the web application. By verifying expected outcomes, you can ensure that the application is functioning correctly.
Identifying Test Failures: Assertions help in identifying test failures. If an assertion fails, it indicates that the actual result does not match the expected result. This helps in pinpointing the exact point of failure in the test script.
Test Script Robustness: Assertions make your test scripts more robust and reliable. By including assertions at appropriate checkpoints, you can ensure that the application is in the expected state before performing further actions. If an assertion fails, the subsequent actions are not executed, preventing false positives or cascading failures.
Debugging and Troubleshooting: Assertions provide valuable information during debugging and troubleshooting. When an assertion fails, you can examine the error message or stack trace to identify the cause of the failure. This helps in locating issues and fixing them quickly.
Reporting and Documentation: Assertions contribute to reporting and documentation of test results. By including assertions in your test scripts, you can generate reports that indicate the success or failure of each assertion. These reports provide valuable information for tracking the status and progress of test cases.

Here are some consequences and drawbacks of a test script without assertions:

Inability to Validate Expected Results: Assertions act as checkpoints in a test script, allowing you to compare the expected results with the actual results. Without assertions, there is no way to ensure that the application is functioning correctly and producing the desired outcomes.
Difficulty in Identifying Failures: When an assertion fails, it provides clear information about the specific point of failure in the test script. Without assertions, it becomes challenging to pinpoint the exact cause of failure and troubleshoot the issue efficiently. This can result in prolonged debugging and troubleshooting efforts.
False Positives and Cascading Failures: Without assertions, the test script may continue executing actions even if the application is not in the expected state. This can lead to false positives, where the script incorrectly indicates a successful test outcome. Furthermore, a single failure in the script can cause cascading failures, resulting in inaccurate test results.

Best Practices for Using Assertions in Selenium Testing:

Choosing appropriate assertion methods for different scenarios.
Effective usage of assertion messages for clear failure identification.
Proper placement of assertions in test scripts for optimal coverage.
Handling dynamic web elements and asynchronous behavior in assertions.
Regular maintenance and review of assertions for accurate and up-to-date tests.

REVISION:

73. What is the use of Driver in Selenium?

Responsible for controlling the actual browser. Most drivers are created by the browser vendors themselves. Drivers are generally executable modules that run on the system with the browser itself, not on the system executing the test suite.

74.What are the new features in Selenium 4? VERY IMP

Click Here For Detail Answer

75. Explain some of the strategy to handle CAPTCHA?

There are two primary strategies to get around CAPTCHA checks: