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Python Interview Question & Answers Set - 01
What is Python?
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding, make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing components together. Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python supports modules and packages, which encourages program modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the extensive standard library are available in source or binary form without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely distributed.
Installing Python on Linux
On Linux you should have suitable Python installation with pip available by default. If not, you need to consult your distributions documentation to learn how to install them. This is also true if you want to use some other Python version than the one provided by your distribution by default.
To check what Python version you have installed, you can run python --version command in a terminal:
$ python --version
Python 3.8.10
Notice that if your distribution provides also older Python 2, running python may use that. To use Python 3, you can use python3 command or even more version specific command like python3.8. You need to use these version specific variants also if you have multiple Python 3 versions installed and need to pinpoint which one to use:
$ python3.9 --version
Python 3.9.10
$ python3.10 --version
Python 3.10.2
Installing Robot Framework directly under the system provided Python has a risk that possible problems can affect the whole Python installation used also by the operating system itself. Nowadays Linux distributions typically use user installs by default to avoid such problems, but users can also themselves decide to use virtual environments.
Installing Python on Windows
On Windows Python is not available by default, but it is easy to install. The recommended way to install it is using the official Windows installers available at http://python.org. For other alternatives, such as installing from the Microsoft Store, see the official Python documentation.
When installing Python on Windows, it is recommended to add Python to PATH to make it and tools like pip and Robot Framework easier to execute from the command line. When using the official installer, you just need to select the Add Python 3.x to PATH checkbox on the first dialog.
To make sure Python installation has been successful and Python has been added to PATH, you can open the command prompt and execute python --version:
C:\>python --version
Python 3.9.4
If you install multiple Python versions on Windows, the Python that is used when you execute python is the one first in PATH. If you need to use others, the easiest way is using the py launcher:
C:\>py --version
Python 3.9.4
C:\>py -3.10 --version
Python 3.10.2
Installing Python on macOS
MacOS does not provide Python 3 compatible Python version by default, so it needs to be installed separately. The recommended approach is using the official macOS installers available at http://python.org. If you are using a package manager like Homebrew, installing Python via it is possible as well.
You can validate Python installation on macOS using python --version like on other operating systems.
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